What you are expected to do in the project research work:


Unidel School Project Format for Session 2024/2025



What you are expected to do in the project research work:  

 The project research work is divided into five chapters as shown in the Schools’ Format (image) above. 

Chapter One: Introduction

In this chapter, students are expected to:

  • Introduce the topic: Provide a background on the research topic, explaining its relevance and why it is important to study.

  • Statement of the problem: Clearly define the issue or problem the research intends to address. This should highlight a gap in knowledge or a real-world issue.

  • Research objectives: State the main objectives of the research. What do the students intend to achieve through their study?

  • Research questions: Formulate specific research questions that the study aims to answer.

  • Hypotheses: If applicable, present any hypotheses that will be tested during the study.

  • Justification of the study: Explain why the study is important and what its potential contributions could be.

  • Scope and limitations: Define the scope of the study (e.g., geographical area, timeframe) and acknowledge any limitations faced during the research.

  • Operational definitions: Define key terms used in the research.

Chapter Two: Literature Review

In this chapter, students are expected to:

  • Review relevant literature: Conduct an in-depth review of existing research, theories, and frameworks related to the topic.

  • Identify research gaps: Highlight areas where there is a lack of sufficient research or understanding.

  • Theoretical framework: Provide a theoretical framework that supports the research. This framework guides the study and helps in interpreting the findings.

  • Previous studies: Discuss previous studies that have addressed similar issues or research questions.

  • Summary of the literature: Summarize the key findings from the literature review and relate them to the research objectives.

Chapter Three: Methodology

In this chapter, students are expected to:

  • Research design: Describe the research design (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods) used to gather data.

  • Population and sample: Define the population from which the sample will be drawn and explain the sampling technique.

  • Data collection methods: Outline the methods for data collection (e.g., surveys, interviews, observations). Provide details on instruments (questionnaires, interview guides, etc.) used.

  • Data analysis techniques: Describe how the data will be analyzed, including statistical methods or qualitative analysis techniques.

  • Ethical considerations: Highlight any ethical issues, such as informed consent, confidentiality, and the protection of participants’ rights.

  • Limitations: Mention any methodological limitations and how they might affect the findings.

Before proceeding to Chapter Four you are required to design a questionnaire and administer it to your population you want to ask questions base on your research topic: 

Mixed-Methods Research: Importance of Questionnaires and Fieldwork

In a mixed-methods research approach, both qualitative and quantitative data are collected and analyzed to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem. This approach allows the researcher to benefit from the strengths of both methods: the richness and depth of qualitative data, and the objectivity and generalizability of quantitative data.

When using a mixed-methods approach, questionnaires are often used as a key instrument for collecting quantitative data. A questionnaire typically consists of structured questions that are designed to capture specific information from respondents. The responses can be analyzed numerically, making it easier to identify patterns, trends, or relationships within the data.

In this case, a questionnaire would be part of the fieldwork for collecting the quantitative data, while qualitative data could be gathered through other means like interviews or focus groups.

What is a Questionnaire?

A questionnaire is a tool used to collect data from respondents. It contains a series of questions designed to gather specific information related to the research topic. The questions can be of two types:

  1. Closed-ended questions: These offer a fixed set of answers for the respondents to choose from (e.g., multiple choice, yes/no, Likert scale).

  2. Open-ended questions: These allow respondents to answer in their own words, providing richer, more detailed responses.

Questionnaires are useful in large-scale research because they are efficient, cost-effective, and can reach many people, making them ideal for gathering numerical data for statistical analysis.


If the research is not mixed-methods, it will either be quantitative or qualitative. In quantitative research, students collect numerical data using surveys or questionnaires and analyze it with statistical methods to test hypotheses or answer research questions. In qualitative research, students gather non-numerical data through interviews, observations, or content analysis, focusing on understanding experiences, meanings, and patterns. The analysis involves identifying themes or categories. The key difference is that quantitative research focuses on numbers and generalizing results, while qualitative research focuses on understanding deeper insights and individual experiences.

Chapter Four: Results and Discussion

In this chapter, students are expected to:

  • Present results: Provide a detailed presentation of the research findings, usually with the help of tables, charts, and graphs. This section should be purely factual and not interpretative.

  • Data analysis: Analyze the data collected, summarizing the key trends, patterns, and relationships.

  • Discussion: Discuss the results in relation to the research questions and hypotheses. Compare findings with previous research, highlighting similarities and differences.

  • Implications: Discuss the practical or theoretical implications of the results.

  • Summary of findings: Summarize the key findings from the analysis and discussion.

Chapter Five: Conclusion and Recommendations

In this chapter, students are expected to:

  • Summary of the study: Provide a concise summary of the entire research, including the objectives, methods, findings, and discussions.

  • Conclusions: Draw conclusions based on the findings and relate them to the research questions or hypotheses.

  • Recommendations: Offer recommendations for future research or practical applications of the study. If the research has policy implications, students should provide suggestions for policymakers.

  • Suggestions for future research: Propose areas where further investigation could expand the understanding of the topic.

  • Limitations: Revisit the limitations discussed earlier and how they may have impacted the study.

Additional Sections

Depending on the specific requirements of the institution or department, some projects may include additional sections, such as:

  • References: A list of all sources cited in the project.

  • Appendices: Additional materials such as surveys, interview guides, or raw data.


The two things you must avoid in writing your research work: 

In project writing, there are strict guidelines about originality and ethical research practices. Here's why AI cannot be used in certain ways and why plagiarism checks are so important:

  1. AI Usage and Disqualification:
    Many academic departments explicitly disallow the use of AI for generating substantial portions of the project because it could lead to a lack of original thought, critical analysis, and personal research. Using AI tools to generate large parts of the content could lead to the project being classified as "ghostwritten," where the true work is not done by the student. This can lead to disqualification as it goes against the principles of academic integrity and genuine learning. The goal of academic projects is to develop critical thinking and research skills, which would be undermined if AI were used as a substitute for this personal engagement.

  2. Plagiarism (Similarity Check) and Project Rejection:
    Similarity checks (plagiarism checks) are used to ensure that the content of your project is original. If the similarity score exceeds 20%, it means a significant portion of your work is either copied from other sources or has similarities with published material. This raises concerns about academic honesty and the proper citation of sources.

    • Why It's Important: Plagiarism undermines the integrity of academic work. The department requires that you create new, thoughtful content, building on existing knowledge while properly referencing others’ work. If your project has too much similarity with other sources, it can be seen as an attempt to bypass the process of original research or analysis.

    • Consequences: If the similarity check score is above 20%, your project might be rejected, which means you'll need to redo or find ways to reduce the similarity by:

      • Paraphrasing effectively and not just changing a few words.

      • Properly citing all sources of information.

      • Using quotes for direct references and ensuring that they are attributed correctly.

    The goal is to ensure that your work is original, well-researched, and that you are demonstrating your ability to contribute to the body of knowledge in your field.

To avoid this, it's crucial to focus on your own analysis, ideas, and synthesis of the information you gather, while ensuring that any external sources are properly credited. Using AI for general guidance or clarifications can be fine, but it shouldn't replace your own research, writing, and thinking.

 

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